Cross-cultural communication, Essay

The purpose of this essay is to use reflection on an aspect of my learning that I have come across so far as a student nurse, and how I plan to use this knowledge when I start my placements. This will give me a good base on which to build my interpersonal skills. After having a brief introduction on various religions, it brought to my attention the diversity in multi cultural societies and how, as a nurse I need a good understanding of treatment and communication barriers that I will come across. The United Kingdom (UK) has welcomed a mixture of ethnic groups, each bringing with their own culture, with their own language. Multiculturalism is an ideology that promotes the institutionalism of communities containing multiple cultures. I have taken it upon myself to find out information to gain more knowledge on different religions, values and beliefs, and the different aspects of care this relates to. This will then enable me to support patients and their families more efficiently, effectively and in a patient centred manor. In terms of using reflection throughout this essay, I Plan to use Gibbs Reflective Cycle (Gibbs 1988). This will help with structural preferences. I will also be reflecting individually on some of the knowledge I gained. Reflection aims to bridge the gap between theory and practice to show the interrelation of skills and knowledge. Reflection relates to me as a student nurse as suggested by Hargreaves (1997 pp.04) â€Å"that reflective practice is often included in professional education programs as a way of encouraging practitioners to critically evaluate their behaviour, beliefs and ideas on practice†. She states that this will lead to improved clinical expertise and, consequently, improve nursing care. Description The first Lecture I received on Religion was an Introduction to the chaplaincy team. They provide spiritual guidance for anyone needing advice, courage and support. Wittenburg-Lyles E, (2008) explains that The Chaplaincy team are able to provide visits to local places. This lecture increased my awareness of faith and moral issues. During my placements, I will come across many different cultures and religions. This is when I realised I needed to do a lot of research into different faiths to enable me to support my patients and their beliefs. I was given an example that I may come across. Some religious belief in praying on their knees, if a patient for some reason needed to have their leg amputated, this would then effect a certain aspect of their life. Therefore I would need to support them in a way that they could still meet there religious needs. I will reflect on this in practice by widening my knowledge on different religions. Next, we explored Morals, Values and beliefs; here I learnt about the responsibilities I will have as a nurse, for example, how to respect patient’s dignity and privacy (Baillie, 2011). I have an understanding that each individual is unique. I will reflect on this in practice by treating each patient as an individual. Regardless of their race, ethnic, gender, sexual orientation, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs or political beliefs. Thirdly in another lecture, I was introduced to two service users and cultural perspectives in health care. A Buddhist from the Chaplaincy service came in to the university. I found it very interesting finding out some Buddhism’s beliefs. For an example, death is inevitable and Buddhists like to prepare for death when meditating. Buda’s also like to carry a small Buda, picture of a Buda or beads for chanting to remember their teacher. We then had a talk about Christianity from a Catholic Farther. I learnt that there will be dietary requirements inside Christianity, as some Christians will only eat fish on a Friday, no meat. They also like to carry on them a symbol of Christianity. That may be beads, holy water or a wooden cross. Christians do not like to be overly exposed during personal care needs. This has now widened my knowledge on two different religions. I shall reflect on this by taking the knowledge I have gained into practice, for when I come across patients with these beliefs. As a nurse sometimes there will be conflict when it comes to religions of employees but you must not to be judgemental, (Nursing and Midwifery council (NMC), 2010). Because of being a nurse, this is mainly due to infection control. Some staff maybe asked to remove clothing or jewellery, which could be against their religious beliefs, although head wear is now allowed for nursing and doctors. Some would argue this is discrimination, as some can get away with it. I think this is a typical example of how religious beliefs can also affect staff as well as patients and relatives. NMC (2010) states that as a nurse I may recognise diversity and respect with cultural differences, values and beliefs of others including the people you care for and other members of staff. Feelings I feel the lectures I attended were very interesting, it was not until this point that I realised it would be a very interesting topic to reflect upon and learn more about. Both the Buddhist and the Christian, were very helpful when anyone wanted to know anything, they both leased with the class at the start of their lecture by making a plan of what, we as a class wanted to cover throughout the duration of the lecture. I do feel that I held back too much when it came to questions at the end and could have asked some more questions myself, all though others asked similar questions to what I was thinking. The information I gained during these three lectures has been useful. But I felt as if I still needed to widen my knowledge further by doing some research. I believe the first step is to be self aware of my own cultural beliefs. Being self aware is crucial as will identify any prejudices or attitudes that could be making a barrier in front of good communication, best practice and patient advocacy. Festini F (2009) comments that, Effective communication is the main aspect of delivering culturally competent care. This is where I needed to reflect upon myself by looking into the Johari Window and the four Quadrants. Being self aware is a two way process. If we do not know who we are, we don’t know how we appear to others. This made me realise I need to become more confident in myself when asking questions in front of my group. This will take time with feeling comfortable. Evaluation Throughout my learning on this topic so far, it has been very useful to see where my knowledge is lacking. I know need to research further into this topic. It has given me the incentive to widen my knowledge. These lectures on religion have been an eye opener. I have realised there is so much complexity in relation to region and different faiths that as a nurse, I will need to know about. Previously I would have had no knowledge on this. I will improve on this by using a range of research ideas to gain knowledge which will then increase efficiency, I will continue to reflect on this area in order to develop as a nurse. Analysis It was at this point I realised that although the information that I have gained so far has been more than useful, it did not answer all my questions. As I still need some more guidance on what to do in situations I may come across when out in practice, whether this may be communication or treatment barrier issues. Morals are influenced by cultural values, beliefs and religion, not only by the law (Griffith and Tengnah, 2010). Morals values and beliefs and assumptions influence healthcare. I understand that cultural and language barriers can complicate situations. As a professional I must have the ability to interact effectively with clients and other professionals. During social interaction, I believe that nurses should avoid stereotyping when caring for patients from different cultures, suggested by Alexis, (2011). I have come cross a few patients from different religions with their own languages whilst I have been working in care. When communicating with a patient that does not speak English as their first language, care can be compromised if effective communication is not used. When explaining something to the patient, there needs to be a balance between using simple sentences without being patronising. For example I would ask do you hurt anywhere, or are you in any pain? Instead of saying, are you in any discomfort? I would encourage staff not to use as many medical terms, I understand this may otherwise be confusing and distressing for the patient. I would only ask one question at a time to avoid overwhelming the individual. When asking patients these questions, I must also understand a patient’s cultural perceptions and experiences regarding pain (Magnusson, 2011). I can reflect on this when I go into practice by involving their cultural perceptions when decision making on pain relief. I think sometimes a quiet time is a good time to access your patient’s communication skills. I would then have more time to look at their non-verbal clues, posture, facial expressions, is there any eye contact used or maybe there are signs of anxiety. When situations arise around communication barriers I work with other members of staff, the patient’s relatives and different members of the multidisciplinary team so that I can find out the best ways possible to communicate with them, and any particular activities of daily living or rituals (Roper, Logan and Tierney, 1998), that are important and relevant to their cultural needs. In some of my findings, I came across some good examples of how there could be a barrier between you and your patient in terms of personal care. I found that some patients do not feel comfortable if they are being touched by the opposite sex. Others dislike their heads being uncovered, they must keep it covered with clothing for modesty. These views come mainly from Jewish and Islamic religions. I found it very interesting to know that two different religions may not like a certain part of care to be carried out but for two completely different reasons. Asian Americans do not like any touching of the head as their view is that it is impolite, as they believe that their spirit resides there. I found out that in some cases all you need to do is ask for permission. This reflects back to good communication skills. I consider the main objective of communication between the nurse and patients is that messages are understood accurately. My research told me that most health agencies have access to medical interpreters for major languages. There is usually a member of the family that maybe helpful by speaking English, but they are not as reliable as interpreters, explained by, Griffith, (2009). Another reason why not to use a family member as an interpreter is that they might only translate the bits that they want the patient to hear and not the full story. I understand that if there is a family member interpreter or a professional interpreter, the potential for misunderstanding can increase. I found the information from Ting Toomey (1999) very interesting for this. She describes three ways that culture can interfere with effective cross cultural understanding. These being, Cognitive constraints, Behaviour constraints and Emotional constraints. I believe that it is crucial that all staff should document the specific communication skills that are needed with each individual patient and the patient’s response. As suggested by Festini, (2011). Weather this be in the medical record or a care plan. In my past experiences it is also crucial that these affective communication skills are past on through handovers, which increases the opportunity for successful staff-patient interactions, (Randell, 2011). I plan to take my ideas and past experiences into practice with me. As I feel it works brilliantly and is effective in terms of meeting patients, beliefs and preferences. I am also aware that each placement I go to may have a different way of doing things. I look forward to gaining new knowledge that may better my communication skills for people with cultural preferences. It is also essential to remember privacy when assessing a patient from a different culture. A quiet setting is always best, most importantly somewhere where you will not be disturbed. This is where I would utilise my background knowledge into different religions, and use different strategies with in my knowledge. For example, some religions do not like direct eye contact. I read more into this when I spoke to some of the students in my class, as some of them are from different cultures. One from Zimbabwe explained to me that in Zimbabwe they only look people into the eye when they are looking for a fight or trouble. He also explained how he had to change his perception of others looking at him when he moved to the UK as every English man he came across looked into his eyes, this at first was scary for him, but he is now okay with it. This has brought to my attention that although this cannot be avoided, I as a nurse should still be respectful to their beliefs and consider the patients preferences. I also researched some of the decisions that patients make in connection to religious beliefs regarding treatment. Law can be used to challenge the decisions a parent or next of kin (NOK) decides but this usually only happens when the treatment is life saving. The NOK or the patient themselves need to be able to make an informed decision in order to give consent or refuse treatment. I am aware that some religions refuse certain life saving treatments, and understand my role as a nurse is to advocate in my patients best interest, inform the patient or NOK of treatment options and consequences of refusing treatment. Emergency situations will not arise everyday in my nurse training or career, but I have more knowledge of my role should I be faced with this type of situation. Where religion may sway a patient’s decision all other options for treatment should be considered (Haan, 2005). As a nurse, it is my job to ensure my patient has an advocate, alternatives, and support to understand consequences of treatments and what will happen if they refuse. Conclusion Initially I was unsure of which area of my learning I should reflect upon. After having worked in care previously, I felt looking into religion would not only be something good to reflect on but something interesting I could also learn upon. After everything I have learnt within this topic so far, I have gained a new perspective on religions, morals and beliefs. . I wasn’t sure whether I was going to use a reflective model because I wasn’t sure if it was going to be appropriate as it is very structured. Once I had started to educate myself on a Multicultural Society and throughout planning my notes I began to realise how helpful it was to have a structure, I was able to structure my notes into different sections which proved to be very useful. Throughout writing my essay I have learnt to have a lot more belief in myself and the ability I have in writing an essay. But I have been able to identify my lack of knowledge on religion and culture. I think social issues will arise when staff members have a lack of understanding and knowledge of different religious beliefs, other than their own. This gave me the incentive to learn and research more to gain a better understanding, and widen my knowledge. Therefore I will be able to educate other nurses. I belief I could still now, expand on this knowledge further and I plan to do this throughout my time as a student and in my future career. Action Plan My action plan will include and implement a method of reviewing everything that I have learnt from past experiences and research, thereby using reflective thinking. I will be apply the knowledge I have Learnt and encompass this in practice as a student nurse and also a registered nurse, which will help me become a safe and competent practitioner. If I was to come across a patient with specific religious beliefs I feel I could support them as well as their family by, not only by ensuring I provide good holistic care but also allowing them to maintain a good link with their religious beliefs. If I was to come across a patient that I could not talk to, I would use past experiences by using models and pictures which to a degree would be a great help. This would help the patients to identify their treatment procedures or help me to identify their needs. I understand that some patients I meet may have a family member that may make the decisions as their next of kin, or medical power of attorney. I believe I would also need to communicate well with the family member. I would take into consideration maybe a spiritual advisor, not just painkillers as a healer. In some people’s eyes, their god or spiritual leader is their way of healing. If in my career I come across a child patient for example in A&E, which had a religion barrier in the way of treatment. I would have to support certain legislations to ensure the refusing of medical treatment did not cause death, if parents deny this; I would have to involve other professionals. From my findings I now have good cross cultural communications skills, this can enhance my nursing. I could build the patients confidence in situations I may come across. By being aware and alert I feel I could improve the patient’s safety and wellbeing by minimising any cultural differences. I will enable my patients to continue with their religious practice whilst in a health care setting. â€Å"Word Count: 3004† References Alexis, O. 2011. Health and cultural sensitivity in a diversifying society. British journal of healthcare assistants , 5 (6), p.297. Baillie, L. 2011. Respecting dignity in care in diverse care settings: strategies of UK nurses. International Journal of nursing practice. 17 (4) p.336. Festini, F., 2009. Providing transcultural to children and parents: an exploratory study from Italy. Journal of nursing scholarship, 41 (2), pp.220-7. Forrest, M.E.S., 2011. On becoming a critically reflective practitioner, Health information and libraries journal, [online] Available at: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2008.00787.x/full [Accessed 01 may 2012]. Griffith, J.K., 2004. The religious aspects of nursing care. 4th ed. UBC School of Nursing. Griffith, R. and Tengnah, C., 2010. Law and professional issues in nursing. 2nd ed. Cornwall: Learning matters Ltd. Haan, J., 2005. A Jehovah’s witness with complex abdominal trauma and coagulopathy: use of factor VII and a review to the literature. American Surgeon, 71 (5), pp. 414-5. Hargreaves, J., 2002. Reflecting on your expert practice. Nursing Times Net. [online]28 February. http://www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice-clinical-research/reflecting-on-your-expert-practice. [ 29 April 2012]. Logan, Rogan, Tierney., 2000. The Roper, Logan and Tierney (1996) Model: perceptions and operationalization of the model in psychiatric nursing with in a health board in Ireland. Jan Journal of advanced nursing, 31 (6). Pp.1333-1341. Magnusson, JE., 2011. Understanding the role of culture in pain: maori practitioner perspectives relation to the experience of pain. New Zealand medical journal. 124 (1328), pp.41-51. Randell, R., 2011. The importance of the verbal shift handover report: a multi-site case study. International Journal of medical informatics, 80 (11), pp. 803-12. Wittenberg-lyles, E., 2008. Communication dynamics in hospice teams, understanding the role of the chaplain in interdisciplinary team collaboration. Journal of palliative medicine, 11 (10), p.336. International online training program on intractable conflict, 1999. Cultural barriers to effective communication. [online] Available at: www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/problem/cultrbar. htm [Accessed 10 April 2012) Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2010. Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwifes, London: NMC

Important Solutions for Writing a Journal Article

Important Solutions for Writing a Journal Article Points to remember There is not any hard and fast rule that you have to write your scientific journal in a particular order. If so, the moment the short article is published, it is going to be digitally archived and will stay visible for the entire world to see for as long as electronic records exist. If you're going to visit the trouble of compiling information and writing it down in an in depth and total fashion, you should allow folks to read it. How much you are able to write in each day will change from person to person. Naturally, based on your degree of writing skill and how comfortable you're writing a big paper that could have profound impacts on your academic career, you could be thinking that a thesis example would be the ideal situation to get you started. There are several methods of writing the example proof. There isn't any simple way. One of the absolute most troublesome challenges about it's sitting down and starting. The Nuiances of Writing a Journal Article Moreover, you have to be concise in all sections of the report. Using as few as 5-10 words, you ought to be able to inform your audience what's your news is about and why they need to go up ahead and read it. You may opt to join a few of the websites that are content providers to internet businesses, or maybe you want to submit articles on your favourite topics to a number of the consignment'' sites that let you to set your own price and get paid whenever your article sells. Abstract writing is a certain skill which requires practice and total familiarity with your argument and article content. Writing a research paper is sort of interesting as you dig into various interesting material to set in your paper. You're heavily invested in the job, and you would like to find the best possible exposure for it in the perfect journal. Writing for the web is quite different than that which you might be employed to in different regions of your life. Here's What I Know About Writing a Journal Article There are many articles on the internet that it is possible to take advantage of if you wish to learn the ropes of writing highly effective headlines for newspapers. Generally speaking, it is advisable to be citation-rich for journal articles. A scientific article isn't a novel. If you're writing a journal article or dissertation then be sure to consult your relevant style guide for their specific rules. Therefore, before you begin writing, get all the opinions of all of the folks that are involved with the story that you're writing about. Some could simply produce an idea, others might see something which triggers a story, and at times a story is handed to a writer. Among the biggest mistakes authors make with ghostwriters is to try and rush a book by hiring more than 1 ghostwriter to compose various chapters. The worst thing which can occur, nevertheless, is that your bad article slips through the review procedure. Though a weak, rambling introduction will normally indicate the subsequent essay also lacks clarity, an excellent introduction will enable the reader know just what will happen through the paper. After having a complete grasp of the research, after that you can create a substantial and appropriate review. You'll do the exact same thing whenever you have the rush of getting your very first carton of books delivered to you. Naturally, it is extremely important to be realistic. The journal article review isn't complete without a succinct review of the featured study. To begin with, you should choose a great topic. Lastly, provide the page numbers where the post are available. Finally, make sure to celebrate thoroughly whenever your article is accepted. Writing newspaper articles is relatively easy because there is only a single format which every journalist should follow. Keeping a journal is a strong tool which you're able to give to yourself everyday. To begin a journal, you simply have to be inclined to write. Most journals will request that you select five to seven keywords that may be used in search engines.

Dorian Gray Fear or Corruption - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 800 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Picture of Dorian Gray Essay Did you like this example? In the book, The Picture of Dorian Gray, it is believed by many people that Lord Henry has corrupted Dorian Gray, but this may not be true. Many believe, that Dorian Gray hates Lord Henry because he is alone in the world. Having someone just like himself scares him; Therefore, Dorian Gray lets Lord Henry believe that he has corrupted him, but why? It is possible that Dorian Gray wants to have someone in the world like him. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dorian Gray: Fear or Corruption" essay for you Create order Dorian Gray believes that he is alone in the world because he is a narcissist. He feels that no one understands who he is. As soon as hes at this vulnerable moment, he meets Lord Henry. Dorian Gray feels alone in the world and wants a companion who is just like him. As soon as Dorian was thinking these thoughts, Lord Henry came. This was the perfect timing and Dorian realized that Lord Henry could be his companion. Dorian is alone in the world, and that makes him become cruel to Lord Henry, when he realizes that Lord Henry is just like him. Cruelty equals loneliness, Oscar Wilde says. As you know, the beginning of the book starts off with Basil painting a portrait of Dorian Gray and Lord Henry wanting to meet him, and eventually ends up corrupting him. This may not be the case. We can see that Dorian Gray is scared of Lord Henry from the beginning. He says, Have you really a very bad influence, Lord Henry? As bad as Basil says? (19). It seems as though Dorian Gray is intrigued in knowing if Lord Henrys influence is cruel, its as if Dorian Gray wants it to be bad, so he has a reason to be scared and to hate him. Lord Henry responds to Dorian Gray by saying, There is no such thing as a good influence, Mr. Gray. All influence is immoral immoral from the scientific point of view. (20). Lord Henry is saying that there is no such thing as bad influence, the only reason people believe this is because no matter what influence you are given, it will take you away from who you really are. With these quotes, Dorian is testing Lord Henry to see if he is just like Dorian and i n the end, Dorian is happy that he has finally, found someone just like him. Then, Lord Henry goes on to talk about temptation and continues to corrupt Dorian Gray. With this, Dorian responds with, Stop! You bewilder me. I dont know what to say ( ) Let me think. Or, rather, let me try not to think. (21). In class, we spoke about how at this point, everything Lord Henry has said, was too much for Dorian, and he does not understand anything that Lord Henry is saying. But instead, Dorian was testing Lord Henry to see if his mind thought just like Dorians. Dorian acts like he did not understand what Lord Henry says because it is all part of his plan to make Lord Henry believe that he is corrupting him. Another point in the book is when Lord Henry and Dorian Gray are discussing Sibyl Vane, Dorians part-time lover. Lord Henry says, People like you ( ) what are your actual relations with Sibyl Vane? ( ) it is only the sacred things that are worth touching. (51). To which Dorian replies, Harry! Sibyl Vane is sacred! (51). Dorian is acting like what Lord Henry just sa id is insane; having sex with a virgin. Lord Henry goes on to say, It is only the sacred things that are worth touching, Dorian. (51). Again, we see here that Lord Henry tries to corrupt Dorian, and Dorian allows him to do so, with the fact in mind that Dorian knew all of this already, and he continued to let Lord Henry believe that he has corrupted him. Next, we wonder why Dorian Gray would allow Lord Henry to believe that he has corrupted him. Perhaps because he felt as if he was alone in the world. That no one understood who he was a narcissist. When Sibyl Vane dies, Dorian Gray runs to Lord Henry to confide in him. He says, why is it that I cannot feel this tragedy as much as I want to? I dont think I am heartless. Do you? ( ) I dont like that explanation, Harry, but I am glad you dont think I am heartless. I am nothing of the kind. I know I am not. And yet I must admit that this thing that has happened does not affect me as it should. It seems to me to be simply like a wonderful ending to a wonderful play. It has all the terrible beauty of a Greek tragedy, a tragedy in which I took a great part, but by which I have not been wounded. (96).

Antigone A Portrait Of Ancient Greece - 2905 Words

Kelly Devlin Dr. Anna Peak IH 0951-002 10 December 2014 Antigone, a Portrait of Ancient Greece Famous for its production of tragedies, Ancient Greece often employed the use of drama and conflict to illustrate tales relevant to the society at the time. The playwright Sophocles is a prime example of this. In his tragedy Antigone, Sophocles tackles issues such as the role of the gods, the proper behavior of women, and the power of a leader. These motifs not only add value to the narrative, but offer the reader a glimpse of the state of Greek society of the time. Artifacts such as the ones found at the Penn Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology provide evidence of the context of Antigone, and illuminate meaning in Sophocles’ text that may have remained hidden. Using this context and analysis, Antigone’s actions prove to be justified according to the values of her culture. The central conflict in Antigone poses a moral question. Does Creon have the authority to forbid Antigone to follow the will of the gods? To Antigone, the wil l of the gods is more important than following the law of the state. To Creon, maintaining stability in Thebes outweighs the wishes of a young woman. Both parties have valid reasons for their choices. However, not enough information is at hand. More research must be done; the only way to accurately determine the answer to the question posed is to determine the social context in which the play takes place. Several aspects of Ancient Greek culture mustShow MoreRelatedtheme of alienation n no where man by kamala markandeya23279 Words   |  94 Pagesï » ¿ANTIGONE KEY LITERARY ELEMENTS SETTING This tragedy is set against the background of the Oedipus legend. It illustrates how the curse on the House of Labdacus (who is the grandson of Cadmus, founder of Thebes, and the father of Laius, whose son is Oedipus) brought about the deaths of Oedipus and his wife-mother, Jocasta, as well as the double fratricide of Eteocles and Polynices. Furthermore, Antigone dies after defying King Creon. The play is set in Thebes, a powerful city-state north of

The Hidden Truth About People That Write Papers for You

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Corporate Social Responsibility and Specific Strategy Differences free essay sample

?Group 7 Exercises (suitable for use with the chapter relating to global competition and competing in foreign markets) 1. Is the international market arena in which your athletic footwear company competes characterized by multicountry competition or global competition? Explain why. We will say that it is global competition, because global competition refers to the situation when products and services requirements from country to country are similar and close. We will say that in this market they are pretty similar. Of course there is a need to adjust our prices in countries with lower purchasing power but demand is huge for same products as in other regions. 2. Is your company employing a global strategy in branded footwear or a strategy that varies significantly from geographic region to geographic region? If the latter, what are the specific strategy differences from region to region? Our company employs global strategy. 3. Is your company employing a global strategy in private-label footwear or a strategy that varies significantly from geographic region to geographic region? If the latter, what are the specific strategy differences from region to region? Same strategy in this market as well. Only price is a bit different. 4. To what extent, if any, have you and your co-managers adapted your companys strategy to take shifting exchange rates into account? In other words, have you undertaken any actions to try to (a) minimize the impact of adverse shifts in exchange rates or (b) capitalize on the impact of favorable exchange rate shifts? Why or why not? Unfortunately we don’t have production capacities in all regions and due to that fact it is impossible to completely minimize effect of exchange rates. We chose to maintain our production in current regions (NA and AP). Hence, we are trying to mitigate exchange rate effect if it is (by exporting from regions where currency depreciates to the regions where currency appreciate) possible if it is not we are trying to reduce or limit export in those regions, regions with adverse exchange rates, and/or to transfer our costs to customers in those regions. Due to unavailability of hedging this risk with long term contracts (futures, options) this seems like best choice we have. To what extent, if any, have you and your co-managers adapted your companys strategy to take geographic differences in import tariffs into account? We did that by exporting from NA to LA where tariffs are non-existent. Also, the only tariffs we are paying are in EA region but they are not high enough to endanger our profitability. Group 8 Exercises (suitable for use with the chapter relating to ethical strategies, social responsibility and environmental sustainability) 1. What is your companys strategy for exercising social responsibility and being a good corporate citizen? We invest money in work diversity programs and ethic training of all employees. Also we invest money in energy efficiency initiatives. 2. Would your company pursue a corporate social responsibility strategy if there was no payoff in the form of a higher image rating? Why or why not? Probably not because it doesn’t have any impact on the game and the goal of the game is to have high profits. Hence, if our goal is to win this game that would be useless spending of money. 3. Should shareholders be pleased with your companys social responsibility strategy and the amount of resources you are devoting to this effort? Cite at least 3 convincing reasons in support of your answer. Our shareholders are pleased. 1)We invest enough money to maintain good picture 2)But we don’t overspend in that area which will diminish our shareholders’ EPS 3) and ROI 4. Is there anything that your company is doing that could be considered as shady by your competitors? There is nothing that our competitors could consider â€Å"shady† in our company operations. However, they will give better answer on this question. 5. Is there anything that any of your competitors are doing that you consider as shady or unethical? There is nothing we consider â€Å"shady† in operations of our competitors. 6. Is it unethical or at least socially irresponsible for a company to avoid conducting its business in a manner in an environmentally sustainable manner? Why or why not? It is â€Å"unethical† and irresponsible because we should think about future generations. Business should involve examining business processes and practices in terms of people, planet and profit, and seeking out ways to create a positive impact in each of these areas. For example, implementing environmentally sustainable practices and green supply chain management has the potential to eliminate waste and generate cost savings, leading to a stronger bottom line. 7. Is it unethical or at least socially irresponsible for a company to make no charitable contributions whatsoever? Support your answer? It could be perceived as unethical. However in essence of business is making profit not making charitable contributions. Also, a lot of companies which gives charitable contributions do that because of some latent or manifest benefit they could have. For example tax breaks or image improvement. Group 9 Exercises (suitable for use with chapters relating to strategy implementation, strategy execution, and efforts to achieve operating excellence) 1. Do you and your co-managers deliberately shift resources from one area to another to better support strategy execution efforts? If so, cite at least 3 such instances. During the course of the game we shifted resources from one are to the other. 1. We decreased rebate offer but increased advertising budget and retailer support. 2. We lower expenses for superior materials but boosted TQM/Six Sigma, Enhanced features and best practices. 3. During the first six years we put all our resources to branded and internet sales, we shifted some of those resources from private-label segment which we neglected in that period. 2. Do you and your co-managers regularly study the benchmarking data on pages 5 and 6 of each years Footwear Industry Report to see how well your company is doing? Do you consider the benchmarking information provided to be valuable? Why or why not? Cite three recent instances in which your examination of the benchmarking statistics has caused you and your co-managers to take corrective actions to boost company performance. Yes, after every round we carefully study those pages in order to benchmark our efforts against efforts of our competitors. They are very valuable, because according to those reports we could find out where our performance lag and try to improve those weak links. 1. We noticed that we invest too much money in advertising because all our competitors invest less money and have same effect, after that we decreased our investing in advertisements. 2. Also, we noticed that our compensations our too high and they do not really correspond to the level of productivity. (Our rivals had smaller wages but better productivity) After that we decreased adjusted compensations. 3. On page 5 Financial summary we noticed that we should warehouse expenses, afterwards we took proper actions to do that. 3. What is your company approach to workforce compensation? Is there any hard evidence you can cite that indicates your companys workforce compensation strategy is working? For example, has your companys compensation approach actually boosted productivity? Can you cite evidence indicating that the productivity gains have resulted in lower labor costs? If the productivity gains have not translated into lower labor costs, then is it fair to say that your companys work force compensation approach is a failure? According to benchmark page 6 in FIR we have best workers’ compensations in the industry. According to the same page we have the highest productivity in NA region as well as in AP region. We are doing well in this aspect. Higher productivity decreased number of workers we need to produce certain number of shoes. Hence we lower costs of production by employing fewer workers than earlier. Also, due to the fewer workers we also lower costs due to the less supervision costs we are paying. All in all our compensation policy is success. 4. Are you and your co-managers consciously trying to achieve operating excellence? What are the 3-4 best indicators of operating excellence at your company? Based on these indicators, how well does your company measure up? Is there any evidence indicating that your companys management team is doing a better job of achieving operating excellence than are the management teams at rival companies? Our good result during whole game (steady market share and profitability) indicates that we are creating value for our customer which is one attribute of operational excellence. Also we think systematically about the game, we consider our company as an open system in constant interactions with its environment (Different market forces) and constant internal interactions. This is the second indicator of our operational excellence. At the end we always seek perfection and we are focused on processes. We are trying to eliminate all handoffs and bottlenecks and to improve all processes of our company. We are constant process of trying to improve all our decisions and processes. We would rather say: Good Strategy + Good Strategy Execution = Good Management that is formula which describes our approach. Ipso facto we were among three top companies during the whole game and first for five consecutive years.

Quality Assurance Project

Background to the Study Many countries across the world are currently very sensitive about the quality of products that are made available within their borders. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is no exceptional. Through the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, the government has kept a close watch on the quality of products offered to customers in order to ensure that citizens are protected from substandard products in the market.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Quality Assurance Project specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Environmental advocates and agencies are keen to monitor activities of various companies operating within this country in a bid to ensure that the environment is kept free from pollution. Through this ministry and other related ministries, organizations must satisfy the set standards before they can be allowed to start their operational activities. They must conform to the International Standards speci fications and other safety standards set by various organs in the country. Based on this, many organizations in Saudi Arabia have found it relevant to maintain quality in the process of production and the final products delivered to the market. Introduction The term quality refers to inherent characteristic of a given item that makes it unique from others. Quality assurance refers to systematic evaluation and monitoring of a product, a project or facility to ensure that it conforms to the set standards. International Organization for Standardization, ISO, (1994) defines quality assurance as all planned and systematic activities implemented to provide adequate confidence that an entity will fulfill requirements for quality. The operational techniques and activities that are used to fulfill requirements for quality are referred to as quality management. Quality assurance is a process that is useful in production process as it ensures that the final product meets market requirement. Qu ality management is a comprehensive process that begins with regulation of raw materials, processing facilities and other processes related to production, and the final product. For a new firm that is about to start operations, quality assurance is a very important requirement that should be fulfilled in order to get government approval before operations. The organization must meet legal requirements put in place by government agencies in order to have necessary certification to start conducting business in the country. According to the Law of Commercial Register 6: 2007, any new firm that intends to operate in Saudi Arabia must meet the rules and regulations set by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. They include the laws relating to health, product specification and standardizations, pricing laws, environmental protection laws, tax compliance laws and consumer protection laws.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your firs t paper with 15% OFF Learn More A firm must have a detailed approach to quality management in order to be allowed to operate within the country. A new organization must make a concerted effort to ensure that such laws and regulations are fulfilled. The management should embrace the culture of quality management in order to be competitive in the market and meet the standards set by the government so that the firm may manage competition that is in the market. Quality Management and Quality Assurance System that would be appropriate for particular business unit is discussed below. Quality Management and quality Assurance System Quality assurance and control system puts into consideration factors such as time available for its implementation, resources allocated to it, availability of relevant data, legal requirements put in place by the government, technological advancement in the industry, skilled labor available to implement proposed projects among other requirements. Qualit y assurance and quality control are related to inventories. The main concern is to produce quality products using relevant raw materials in a manner that would be environmentally sensitive. The law limits the level of emission of toxic substances and effluents by any company. This is aimed at conserving the environment. For this reason therefore, companies must make an effort to ensure that facilities that are installed are in good operational shape. Emissions should be controlled and there should be a sewerage system that facilitates treatment of effluents before they are released to the environment. The system should be linked to other sewerage systems whereby their flow is controlled and directed to the government-designated location. The combustion chambers should be fitted with scrapers in order to control smoke that is released to the environment. The scrapers should be replaced regularly as a preventive measure to environmental pollution. The law also demands the safety and s ecurity of employees while at workplace. Employees assigned to production departments that are prone to smokes or other gaseous emissions should be provided with gas masks to ensure that they do not inhale poisonous gases. Other measures should also be considered to facilitate the wellbeing employees. With employee’s safety and environmental concerns, the focus then turns to quality of the product.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Quality Assurance Project specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More International Standards Organization has set standards that are to be met by all products and production processes. Standards must be accepted in the society. International Standards Organization 9001 stipulates among other factors that the quality of the workforce available in production of goods should be perceived to be of the right standard. According to this certification, there is standard a number of trained perso nnel that should be available in each department of production. The trained personnel would be in charge of supervision and other tasks within production department while other duties such as packaging and delivery would be left to the semi-trained personnel. As Goatish (1995) says, quality starts and ends in the mind. There should be a spirit of quality inculcated in the minds of personnel. These individuals would determine the quality of output. They should appreciate the importance of producing quality products. The organizational tools and equipments should also be standardized. Back-up power system should be made available to avoid disruption of production. Raw materials used in the production process should be of the right standard and should conform to the requirements of the law. Production department should ensure that only acceptable ingredients are included in the products in order to avoid litigation that may ensue due to none conformity. The law demands that all ingredi ents that are used in a given product are clearly labeled during packaging in order not to confuse customers. This should be done on all products manufactured in the company. In order to match market competition, the company must put into consideration quality assurance and management devices employed by competing firms. Attention should particularly be given to the level of mechanization employed by other industry players. In order to have a consistent market growth, the company should be in a position to convince customers that its products are of higher quality compared to products of other competing firms (Joherim, 2008). The First Stage The first stage is related to customer focus. The diagram below gives a breakdown of the process. Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The first step in this stage is to internalize the requirements of the customers and regulators. The management then takes a premeditated step to design quality management system in order to realize expectations in the second step. This demands attention from all departments in the organization as it strives to respond to the needs of customers and regulators. If done appropriately, customers and regulators would be satisfied. Second Stage The second face emphasizes on policies and regulatory procedures in the process of production. There should be quality planning so that the final product would have a graded quality. This stage tries to implement regulatory laws that the authorities have enacted to govern the industry. They are concerned with protection of employees, consumers and the environment. Employees should be protected from hazardous working environment and other work related perils. Consumers need protection from substandard products, misinformation and unfair pricing str ategies. The environment should be protected from pollution and other activities that may lead to its degradation. This stage stresses on the quality of production system. The company should comply by maintaining these standards. Third Stage This stage lays emphasis on functionality of the departments, plant procedures and production processes. It demands that concerned managers in each department understand the company’s overall quality objectives. They have to impart the same skills on various units in their departments. It is important that these managers understand market expectation so that they can appreciate the need for the process of quality control. Challenges in the Implementation Process The main challenge in the implementation process is the availability of finances to implement the project. Because this is a new company, it may not be in a position to finance various operational units that may be needed for successful implementation of the project. The level of expertise may also be limited as the company may not be in a position to attract the best labor force available in the industry. Competitors may not make things easy, as they will develop counter programs in an attempt to maintain their market share. The current employees may also fail to meet professional qualifications that the project requires. They may be lacking required flexibility and the drive to implement the project. Conclusion Quality management has gained relevance over the recent past. Many organizations have embarked on ensuring that their products and production processes are responsive to market expectations and to the demands of regulatory bodies. For a new firm to venture into the Saudi market and operate successfully, it is important that it develop quality assurance project that would convince the public and the government regulatory authorities that their products would meet expected standards and are environmentally friendly. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has reg ulatory procedures that need to be followed. Recommendations The company should set aside substantial finances during its budgeting process to cover for the expenses of quality assurance and management project. Because this is a new business unit that is yet to be approved by the government, the cost may be a little higher. The quality assurance team must be in a position to convince the government that the set rules and regulations would be adhered to. The business unit should also make an effort to attract individuals who have skills necessary in the implementation process. The ratio of employees with right skills and experiences to that of inexperienced labor force should be about one to one. This would ensure that those with little or no experience take the shortest time to familiarize themselves with new policies. Their remuneration and other packages should also be attractive enough to motivate them. In order to beat market competition, the management should ensure that strate gies are not exposed to competitors. References Goatish, L., Stanley, D. (1995). Implementing Total Quality. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice-Hall. ISO, (1994). Air Quality, Determination of Performance Characteristics of Measurement Methods. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization. Joherim, M. (2008). Quality Assurance and Quality Control. New York: McMillan Publishers. This report on Quality Assurance Project was written and submitted by user Kane Mendoza to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.